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Glossary of terms

The glossary of domain related abbreviations and terms shall help you to find your way in the complex world of domains.

A

See: A Record

A Record

32-bit IPv4 address, used to map hostnames to an IP address of the host test.example.com. 28800 IN A 192.0.2.1

AAAA

See: AAAA Record

AAAA Record

128-bit IPv6 address, used to map hostnames to an IP address of the host. test.example.com. 28800 IN AAAA 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

ACDR

Arab Center for Dispute Resolution

See: UDRP

ACL

Access Control List

ACRA

Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority

ADNDRC

Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre

See: UDRP

ADR

Alternative Dispute Resolution

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

APEWS

Abuse Prevention Early Warning System

API

Application Programming Interface

ASCII

Stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Computers can only understand numbers, so an ASCII code is the numerical representation of a character such as 'a' or '@' or an action of some sort.

CAC

Czech Arbitration Court Arbitration Center for Internet Disputes

See: UDRP

ccTLD

Abbreviation for country code top level domain. Examples are .de for Germany, .fr for France and .us for the USA. The ccTLDs are geographically defined and composed of two letters.

CNAME

See: CNAME Record

CNAME Record

Alias of the domain name, the DNS lookup will continue by retrying the lookup with the new name. foo.example.com. 28800 IN CNAME bar.example.com.

CoCCA

Country Code Administrators Incorporated

CRT

Certificate

CSR

Certificate Signing Request

DAS

Domain Availability Service

DKIM

DKIM attaches a new domain name identifier to a message and uses cryptographic techniques to validate authorization for its presence. The identifier is independent of any other identifier in the message, such in the author's From: field. The first version of DKIM synthesized and enhanced Yahoo!'s DomanKeys and Cisco's Identified Internet Mail specifications. It was the result of a year-long collaboration among numerous industry players, during 2005, to develop an open-standard e-mail authentication specification. Participants included Alt-N Technologies, AOL, Brandenburg InternetWorking, Cisco, EarthLink, IBM, Microsoft, PGP Corporation, Sendmail, StrongMail Systems, Tumbleweed, VeriSign and Yahoo!. The team produced the initial specification and several implementations. It then submitted the work to the IETF for further enhancement and formal standardization.

DMARC

Which stands for “Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance”, is an email authentication, policy, and reporting protocol. It builds on the widely deployed SPF and DKIM protocols, adding linkage to the author (“From:”) domain name, published policies for recipient handling of authentication failures, and reporting from receivers to senders, to improve and monitor protection of the domain from fraudulent email.

Domain

An internet address, also called web address, e.g. key-systems.net. It helps to identify computers on the Internet. The domain is part of the URL of a website (e.g. http://www.key-systems.net). It is composed of a term (key-systems), a subsequent point (.) and a top level domain (e.g. .net). The term which prefixes the top level domain, can be divided into further levels (Subdomain). A domain describes a name space on the Internet.

Domain extension

See: Top level domain

DSGVO

Datenschutz-Grundverordnung

See: GDPR

EAP

Early Access Phase

EPP

Extensible Provisioning Protocol

FoA

Form of Authorisation

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation proposed by the European Commission will strengthen and unify data protection for individuals within the European Union (EU), whilst addressing the export of personal data outside the EU.

See: DSGVO

HKDNR

Hong Kong Domain Name Registration Company Limited

HOMER

Hosting Management Environment Repository

IANA

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority https://www.iana.org/

ICANN

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers https://www.icann.org/

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force https://www.ietf.org/

IPS TAG

Internet Provider Security Tag used to identify .UK domain registrars

IRTP

Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy

LoA

Letter of Authorisation

MX

See: MX Record

MX Record

Mail exchange record, maps a domain name to a mailserver for that domain. Composed of priority, a 16 bit integer, and the hostname of the mailserver. example.com. 28800 IN MX 10 mail.example.com.

NAF

National Arbitration Forum

See: UDRP

NAPTR

See: NAPTR Record

NAPTR Record

Naming Authority Pointer, allows regular expression based rewriting of domain names which can then be used as URIs, further domain names to lookups, etc. NAPTR records are composed of a priority, a preference, which helps to order records with identical priority, similar to the SRV records weight, a flag for the returned record type, a service name, which is offered by the server, a regular expression rule and a replacement. srv.ex.com. 28800 IN NAPTR 100 10 "A" "" "!^.*$!prodsrv.ex.com!"

NAST

Name Server Tester

NDA

Non-Disclosure Agreement

NS

See: NS Record

NS Record

Delegates a DNS zone to use the given authoritative name servers. ns1.example.com. 28800 NS nameserver.example.org.

OPN

Operations and Notifications

OT&E

Operational Test & Evaluation

PCA

Persona De Contacto Administrativo

PCF

Persona De Contacto De Facturacion

PCT

Persona De Contacto Tecnico

PIR

Public Interest Registry http://pir.org/

PoA

Power of Attorney

POSIX

Portable Operating System Interface

RAA

Registrar Accreditation Agreement

RDBMS

Relational Database Management System

RDDS

Registration Directory Data System

RDSMS

Relational Data Stream Management System

Registration Directory Services

Formerly WHOIS

See: WHOIS

RNH

Registered Name Holder

ROID

Repository Object IDentifier

RR

Resource Record

RRP

Registry Registrar Protocol

SLA

Service Level Agreement

SMD

Signed Mark Data

SOAP

Simple Object Access Protocol

SPF

A Sender Policy Framework record is a type of Domain Name Service (DNS) record that identifies which mail servers are permitted to send email on behalf of your domain. The purpose of an SPF record is to prevent spammers from sending messages that imitate your domain during an email connection. Several emails sent through the RRPproxy system can be customised but might be interpreted by automated systems as spam due to the sender being unknown by the domain. Therefore, IP addresses have to be added to your SPF records for the RRPproxy system, which can be found in the help description (blue question mark next to "Email sender address") of the respective reselling service (e. g. Account --> Settings --> (Tab) Reselling --> ERRP) that utilises email submission and a customised email address . 3.1.3. Multiple Strings in a Single DNS record As defined in [RFC1035] sections 3.3.14 and 3.3, a single text DNS record (either TXT or SPF RR types) can be composed of more than one string. If a published record contains multiple strings, then the record MUST be treated as if those strings are concatenated together without adding spaces. For example: IN TXT "v=spf1 .... first" "second string..." MUST be treated as equivalent to IN TXT "v=spf1 .... firstsecond string..." SPF or TXT records containing multiple strings are useful in constructing records that would exceed the 255-byte maximum length of a string within a single TXT or SPF RR record.

SQL

Structured Query Language is used to communicate with a database. According to ANSI, it is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a database, or retrieve data from a database.

SRF

Secretaria da Receita Federal

SRS

Shared Registry System

SRV

See: SRV Record

SRV Record

Service location record, used for newer protocols instead of creating protocol-specific records such as MX. The SRV record is composed of a priority, a weight, which serves as second level priority between services with identical priority, a port, the TCP or UDP port where the service can be found, and the target, the name of the service providing host. _jabber._tcp.example.com. 28800 IN SRV 0 5 5060 jabber.example.com

Top level domain

Abbreviation: TLD, viewed from the right hand side, the first character group (.net) and thus highest level of the domain name (key-systems.net). Domain names are composed of a sequence of characters separated by points. Those character groups match hierarchically arranged name spaces. The hierarchy of the character groups declines from right to left.

TXT

See: TXT Record

TXT Record

Free definable, descriptive text. test.example.com. 28800 IN TXT "Free T-Shirts for all!"

UDAI

Unique Domain Authenthication ID

UDRP

Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy

VAT

See: VAT ID

VAT ID

Value Added Tax identification number

WDRP

Whois Data Reminder Policy

WHOIS

WHOIS (pronounced as the phrase "who is") is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block or an autonomous system, but is also used for a wider range of other information. The protocol stores and delivers database content in a human-readable format. The WHOIS protocol is documented in RFC 3912.

See: Registration Directory Services

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

X-HTTP

See: X-HTTP Record

X-HTTP Record

X-HTTP records are pseudo resource records in our system representing webforwardings. The resource data is composed of redirection type (REDIRECT or FRAME) and the target. Note that pseudo records will neither appear in the records list nor in the exported BIND file. The creation of a X-HTTP pseudo record will also add an A record though, which can not be deleted as long as the forwarding exists. forwarding.example.org. 28800 IN X-HTTP REDIRECT http://target.example.com

X-SMTP

See: X-SMTP Record

X-SMTP Record

X-SMTP records are pseudo resource records in our system representing mailforwardings. Note that pseudo records will neither appear in the records list nor in the exported BIND file. The first creation of a X-SMTP pseudo record will also add a MX record though, which can not be deleted as long as any mailforwarding exists. The example shows a forwarding from '[email protected]' to '[email protected]'. mario.example.org. 28800 IN X-SMTP itsame@ MAILFORWARD [email protected]

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